Complete Narration Rules in Hindi with Chart & Examples (Class 9 to 12)

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Narration (Direct & Indirect Speech) क्या है?

Narration का अर्थ है 'कथन'। यह दो प्रकार की होती है:

1. Direct Speech (प्रत्यक्ष कथन):

वक्ता (Speaker) के शब्दों को ज्यों का त्यों ("...") लिखना।
Example: Ram said to me, "I am busy." (राम ने मुझसे कहा, "मैं व्यस्त हूँ।")

2. Indirect Speech (अप्रत्यक्ष कथन):

वक्ता की बात को अपने शब्दों में बदलकर कहना।
Example: Ram told me that he was busy. (राम ने मुझे बताया कि वह व्यस्त था।)

🎯 1: साधारण कथन की पहचान (Simple Assertive Statement)

सोचिए यह एक खबर है। Reporting Verb बताता है कि खबर **किसने दी**, और Reported Speech वह **असली खबर** है।

Direct Sentence (English) Reporting Verb (पहचान) Reported Speech (पहचान)
Suresh said, "I am on leave today." Suresh said, "I am on leave today."
(हिंदी: सुरेश ने कहा, "मैं आज छुट्टी पर हूँ।") ➡️ **यह "..." के बाहर है।** ➡️ **यह "..." के अंदर है।**

💡 SON नियम के उदाहरण (Pronoun परिवर्तन)

नीचे दिए गए उदाहरणों में देखिए कि Reported Speech का Pronoun (I, You, She) Reporting Verb के Subject या Object के अनुसार कैसे बदलता है:

Direct Speech & Applied Rule Indirect Speech (Output)
He said, "I am busy." (1st Person → Subject 'He' से बदला) He told that he was busy.
He said to me, "You are busy." (2nd Person → Object 'me' से बदला) He told me that I was busy.
He said, "She is busy." (3rd Person → No Change) He told that she was busy.

💡 SON नियम के उदाहरण

Direct Speech & Rule Applied Indirect Speech (Output)
He said, "I am busy." (1st Person → Subject 'He' से बदला) He told that he was busy.
He said to me, "You are busy." (2nd Person → Object 'me' से बदला) He told me that I was busy.
He said, "She is busy." (3rd Person → No Change) He told that she was busy.
Golden Rules for Changing:
Direct से Indirect बनाते समय 3 चीज़ें बदलती हैं:
  1. Pronouns (सर्वनाम - I, We, You...)
  2. Tense (काल - Present → Past)
  3. Time Words (Now → Then, Today → That day)

Rule 1: Pronoun Change (SON Formula)

★ The 'SON' Formula (सबसे महत्वपूर्ण) ★

S = Subject, O = Object, N = No Change

Person ("...") Change according to... Hindi Rule
1st Person (I, We) → SUBJECT (S) Reporting Verb के Subject से बदलें।
2nd Person (You) → OBJECT (O) Reporting Verb के Object से बदलें।
3rd Person (He/She/It) → NO CHANGE (N) कोई बदलाव नहीं होगा।

Rule 2: Reporting Verb & Connectors

Sentence Type 'Said to' Changes to... Connector (Joiner)
Simple (Assertive) told that
Interrogative (Question) asked if (Yes/No वाले में)
WH-word (WH वाले में)
Imperative (Order) ordered / requested to

Rule 3: Master Tense Chart

(Note: Tense तभी बदलेगा जब बाहर "Said" (Past) हो।)

Direct Tense Indirect Tense (Change to) Examples (Direct → Indirect)
Present Indefinite
(V1 / s,es)		 Past Indefinite
(V2)		 [D] He said, "I write." (उसने कहा, मैं लिखता हूँ।)
[I] He said that he wrote. (उसने कहा कि वह लिखता था।)
Present Continuous
(is/am/are)		 Past Continuous
(was/were)		 [D] He said, "I am playing."
[I] He said that he was playing.
Present Perfect
(has/have)		 Past Perfect
(had + V3)		 [D] He said, "I have done it."
[I] He said that he had done it.
Past Indefinite
(V2 / did)		 Past Perfect
(had + V3)		 [D] He said, "I went."
[I] He said that he had gone.
Past Continuous
(was/were)		 Past Perfect Cont.
(had been)		 [D] He said, "It was raining."
[I] He said that it had been raining.
Future / Modals Change to Past Will/Shall → Would/Should
Can → Could
May → Might

Rule 4: Time & Place Words

This → That
These → Those
Here → There
Now → Then
Today → That day
Yesterday → The previous day
Tomorrow → The next day
Tonight → That night

Rules for Special Sentences (Imp)

A. Interrogative (प्रश्नवाचक)

Rule: 'said to' → asked। वाक्य को साधारण (Simple) बना दें।

  • Yes/No Question: Connector 'if' लगाएं।
    He said, "Are you ill?" → He asked if I was ill.
  • WH Question: WH-word ही Connector बनेगा।
    He said, "Who are you?" → He asked who I was.

B. Imperative (आदेश/निवेदन)

Rule: भाव के अनुसार 'said to' बदलें (ordered, requested, advised)। Connector 'to' लगाएं।

Example: He said, "Sit down." → He ordered me to sit down.

C. Exclamatory (विस्मयादिबोधक)

Rule: 'said' → exclaimed with joy/sorrow. Connector 'that' लगाएं।

Example: He said, "Hurrah! We won." → He exclaimed with joy that they had won.

D. Optative (इच्छा/प्रार्थना)

Rule: 'said' → wished / prayed. Connector 'that' लगाएं। 'May' को 'Might' करें।

Example: He said, "May you live long."
Indirect: He prayed that I might live long.

E. Sentences with 'Let us' (प्रस्ताव)

Rule: 'said' → proposed / suggested. 'Let us' को 'we should' या 'they should' में बदलें।

Example: He said, "Let us play."
Indirect: He proposed that we should play.

⚠ Exceptions: Tense कब नहीं बदलता?

  1. Universal Truth: (e.g., The sun rises in the east.) - Tense Same रहेगा।
  2. Present Reporting Verb: (e.g., He says...) - Tense Same रहेगा।

Download Narration Chart PDF:

⚡ Quick Revision: Short Trick Formula ⚡

(एग्जाम से पहले सिर्फ इसे पढ़ें)

Narration: The "5-Step Magic" Trick

Direct से Indirect बनाने के लिए बस ये 5 चीज़ें बदलनी हैं:

Direct Sentence:

He said to me, " I am busy now."

⬇️ (Change 5 Things) ⬇️

Indirect Sentence:

He told me that he was busy then.

Step 1: Reporting Verb (said to)

सबसे पहले said to को बदलो:

  • Simple वाक्य में → told
  • Question (?) में → asked
  • Order में → ordered

Step 2: Connector (Inverted Comma "...")

कॉमा हटाओ और जोड़ने वाला शब्द लगाओ:

  • Simple वाक्य में → that
  • Question (?) में → if (या WH word)
  • Order/Request में → to

Step 3: Pronoun (SON Rule)

वाक्य के Subject (I, You) को बदलो:

I, We (मैं, हम) → बोलने वाले (Subject) से बदलें
You (तुम) → सुनने वाले (Object) से बदलें
He, She, Name → No Change (मत बदलो)

Step 4: Tense (Present → Past)

जो Present में है, उसे Past में भेज दो:

V1 → V2 Is/Am/Are → Was/Were Has/Have → Had Will → Would Can → Could V2 → Had + V3

Step 5: Time Words (Now → Then)

नजदीक वाले शब्दों को दूर कर दो:

  • Now → Then
  • This → That
  • Here → There
  • Today → That day
  • Tomorrow → Next day
  • Yesterday → Previous day

Examples for Practice

Direct Indirect
He said, "I am ill." He said that he was ill.
She said to me, "Can you help?" She asked me if I could help.
Teacher said, "Sit down." Teacher ordered to sit down.

Download "Short Trick" PDF:

https://mpboardbhopalimp.blogspot.com/

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